There are breed-specific character traits that have been developed over many years of selective breeding. By dividing dogs into groups based on their activities, you can determine what kind of character they will have in adulthood. Differences in breed character can be noticed at an early age. Sporting dogs tend to be adventurous, following their noses wherever scents lead them, but will respond enthusiastically to the call of familiar people. Hounds tend to be more aloof and independent, tending to explore territory on their own, following scent or movement; they are not as interested in human interaction as game dogs.

Working and herding dogs have a more businesslike disposition. They tend to assess the situation and get down to their tasks. Collie puppies have been known to herd children, ducklings, or each other, instinctively exercising their innate right. Guard dogs tend to be territorial, even at an early age. Dogs such as the Maremma and Kuvasz, which were bred to guard flocks, are placed with sheep from the time they are puppies to strengthen their basic protective instincts. Collies and Akitas are known for their strong sense of loyalty. Terriers, bred to chase and catch rodents, tend to be extremely active, lively, and feisty as puppies, traits that continue into adulthood. Newfoundlands are renowned for their life-saving instincts.

Breed specificity also affects how well dogs adapt to new environments or new owners. These skills cannot be taught to dogs. They are innate — part of the dog’s instinctive behavior — and are often specific to the breed, although mixed breeds are also known for their unique instincts.

Friendly relationships between people and dogs are not a new phenomenon. However, in modern society, most dogs are kept as pets, not for their intended purpose. Many breeds, such as toy terriers, were bred specifically as pets. All of these different breeds and mixed breeds have unique traits and appeal to different people.

Getting a dog is a big decision because the dog becomes completely dependent on its owner for its care and well-being. This responsibility continues throughout the dog’s life. Therefore, the initial decision should be based on a serious analysis of whether your lifestyle really allows you to have a dog, i.e. whether the dog will be an asset and not a burden.